Exosome

Exosome

What is Cell-Derived Exosome?

Exosomes are protein vesicles obtained through special processes from the culture medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from newborn umbilical cord tissue. These vesicles have the capacity to regulate cellular and biochemical events involved in skin rejuvenation and cell renewal.

Exosomes are naturally occurring vesicles released by cells into the extracellular environment, with sizes smaller than 150 nm. They carry various biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, different types/derivatives of nucleic acids, growth factors, and cytokines.

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells are preferably used in regenerative medicine. Due to their multipotent nature, these cells are excellent regenerative cells, making exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells superior to other exosome products.

The physiological effects of growth factors in exosomes include stimulating healing, renewing collagen in aged and damaged skin, and reducing inflammation.

Exosomes have the potential to accelerate healing, improve skin texture, reduce scar formation, stimulate hair growth, and shorten the recovery time after cosmetic procedures.

Exosomes are released by almost all cells in the body.

The exosome product derived from umbilical cord tissue is obtained from mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the umbilical cord tissue. Exosomes carry the membrane and cytoplasmic characteristics of the cells from which they are secreted.

Exosomes facilitate intercellular communication and transport molecules that are important regulators of intracellular information between close and distant cells.

In the field of regenerative medicine, exosomes have high potential for cell renewal and repair.

Mechanism of Action of Exosomes

The main function of exosomes is to enhance intercellular communication by releasing responses to stimuli and signaling molecules.

Exosomes can change cellular behavior by transferring certain genetic information, proteins, and receptors between cells. This ability allows them to be effective in cell proliferation and tissue renewal.

Exosomes suppress inflammatory proteins and stimulate anti-inflammatory proteins, reducing inflammation.

By promoting the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and specific endogenous progenitor cells (stem cells), exosomes show regenerative activity.

Studies have shown that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells reduce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in tissues damaged due to disease or injury.

Exosomes promote tissue renewal by increasing the normal cross-linked collagen structure, providing a closer-to-normal healing in scar tissue.

Applications of Exosomes

• Skin rejuvenation / Anti-aging
• Treatment of pigmentation disorders
• Acne scar treatments
• Tightening of porous skin
• Hair loss
• Atopic dermatitis / Eczema
• Wound healing
• Burn treatment
• Calcification
• Bone defects

Advantages of Exosomes

• Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes do not carry HLA antigens, making them suitable for allogeneic use without causing tissue rejection.
• Exosomes are not cells and are smaller in size than cells. The key difference from adult stem cells is that they are derived from newborns and have a much higher number of growth factors, making them highly potential for clinical and aesthetic use.
• Exosomes, being protein-based, can withstand longer periods without deterioration if suitable conditions are provided. Unlike cellular products, they do not require limited time between thawing in the laboratory and doctor application.
• Being a non-surgical procedure, exosomes are superior to autologous treatments. They come in a injectable vial, significantly reducing complications.
• Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes are derived from newborn umbilical cord tissue, which is a pure and toxin-free tissue that has not been exposed to external factors. This contributes to their superiority over autologous products, where the patient's cells have the same age and quality.
• Exosomes can be freeze-dried, packaged, and transported.
• They can be used in systemic treatment without the risk of clumping.
• They can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, locally, or topically on the skin.

Effect of Exosomes in Skin Rejuvenation (Anti-aging)

Stem cell-derived exosomes can be used to restore the body's aging tissues due to their regenerative ability. Aging signs appear because the skin cannot renew itself, and exosomes can help maintain the elasticity and strength of the skin.

Effect of Exosomes in Hair Loss

• Increases the number of hair follicles in the growth phase.
• Regenerates dermal papilla cells that make up hair follicles.
• In the early stages of hair loss, exosome application with the application of growth factors can stimulate hair regrowth and reconstruction in both men and women.
• Changes can be observed within 1 or 2 months after the first exosome treatment, but radical changes are observed between 6-12 months. It's important to note that this is not a cosmetic procedure but a treatment with long-lasting therapeutic effects.

How to Obtain Exosomes

Cells obtained from newborn umbilical cord tissue are cultured in special culture containers with specific nutrients for the cells. After the cultured cells, any dead cell debris is removed from the culture medium. After the pre-processing steps, exosomes are isolated by using ultracentrifugation at high speed.

After passing quality control tests, the obtained exosomes are bottled and stored under appropriate conditions.

Storage Conditions and Application Methods for Exosomes

• Exosomes can be stored for 1 week at +4 degrees, 1 month at -20°C, and up to 1 year at -80°C.
• They can be freeze-dried, packaged, and transported.
• Shelf life is 2 years.
• Can be used for systemic treatment without the risk of clumping.
• They cannot differentiate from other cells or malignant cells.
• Can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, locally, or topically on the skin.