Metabolic Surgery (Type II Diabetes Surgery)

Metabolic Surgery (Type II Diabetes Surgery)

1. What Is Metabolic Surgery?
2. What Are the Types of Metabolic Surgery Procedures?

What Is Metabolic Surgery?

Metabolic surgery is a treatment approach that encompasses surgical procedures performed to correct and improve metabolic diseases in individuals who are overweight or obese. Metabolic surgery is also commonly known as 'diabetes surgery' or 'sugar surgery' among the public. These surgeries involve operations that can simultaneously manage obesity and diabetes. Metabolic diseases associated with obesity include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia (high cholesterol and triglyceride levels), sleep apnea, and in some cases, polycystic ovary syndrome.

Metabolic surgery aims to control and improve metabolic diseases while targeting weight loss. These surgical procedures involve various methods, such as reducing stomach volume, rearranging the intestines, or altering hormonal mechanisms.

What Are the Types of Metabolic Surgery Procedures?

Metabolic surgery procedures consist of various methods used to manage obesity and metabolic diseases. Here are some commonly used metabolic surgery methods with detailed explanations:

Gastric Bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass)

Gastric bypass is the most commonly used metabolic surgery method in the treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases. In this procedure, the stomach is reduced in size, and the newly created stomach pouch is connected to the lower part of the small intestine. This results in a portion of the intestine being bypassed, reducing nutrient absorption. Additionally, hormonal changes contribute to the metabolic effects. Gastric bypass is an effective method for weight loss and the correction of metabolic diseases.

Sleeve Gastrectomy

In sleeve gastrectomy, approximately 80% of the stomach is removed, leaving behind a tube-shaped stomach. This reduces stomach volume, limits food intake, and enhances the feeling of fullness. Sleeve gastrectomy may also reduce insulin resistance and help control type 2 diabetes.

Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD)

BPD is a more complex metabolic surgery procedure. It involves creating a stomach pouch and closing off a portion of the small intestine. A connection is made between the stomach pouch and the closed-off part of the intestine, while the other part of the intestine is connected to the lower part of the large intestine. BPD not only promotes weight loss but also has positive effects on metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Duodenal Switch

The duodenal switch procedure involves reducing stomach volume and reconfiguring the intestines. A stomach tube is created by reducing stomach size, and a more extensive revision is performed on the small intestine. This procedure may be effective in controlling obesity and metabolic diseases.

The surgical methods mentioned above are the most commonly used techniques in metabolic surgery. However, each method has its advantages, risks, and complications. The choice of surgery should be determined by an obesity surgery team based on the individual's condition, level of obesity, metabolic diseases, and preferences. Therefore, it is important to consult with a specialist to determine the most suitable option.